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1.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 45(5): 431-447, Sept.-Oct. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1527997

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To summarize evidence-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) treatment and propose clinical interventions for adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods: The literature on CBT interventions for adult OCD, including BT and exposure and response prevention, was systematically reviewed to develop updated clinical guidelines for clinicians, providing comprehensive details about the necessary procedures for the CBT protocol. We searched the literature from 2013-2020 in five databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, PsycINFO, and Lilacs) regarding study design, primary outcome measures, publication type, and language. Selected articles were assessed for quality with validated tools. Treatment recommendations were classified according to levels of evidence developed by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association. Results: We examined 44 new studies used to update the 2013 American Psychiatric Association guidelines. High-quality evidence supports CBT with exposure and response prevention techniques as a first-line treatment for OCD. Protocols for Internet-delivered CBT have also proven efficacious for adults with OCD. Conclusion: High-quality scientific evidence supports the use of CBT with exposure and response prevention to treat adults with OCD.

2.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 45(2): 146-161, Mar.-Apr. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1439556

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To summarize evidence-based pharmacological treatments and provide guidance on clinical interventions for adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods: The American Psychiatric Association (APA) guidelines for the treatment of OCD (2013) were updated with a systematic review assessing the efficacy of pharmacological treatments for adult OCD, comprising monotherapy with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), clomipramine, serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and augmentation strategies with clomipramine, antipsychotics, and glutamate-modulating agents. We searched for the literature published from 2013-2020 in five databases, considering the design of the study, primary outcome measures, types of publication, and language. Selected articles had their quality assessed with validated tools. Treatment recommendations were classified according to levels of evidence developed by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association (ACC/AHA). Results: We examined 57 new studies to update the 2013 APA guidelines. High-quality evidence supports SSRIs for first-line pharmacological treatment of OCD. Moreover, augmentation of SSRIs with antipsychotics (risperidone, aripiprazole) is the most evidence-based pharmacological intervention for SSRI-resistant OCD. Conclusion: SSRIs, in the highest recommended or tolerable doses for 8-12 weeks, remain the first-line treatment for adult OCD. Optimal augmentation strategies for SSRI-resistant OCD include low doses of risperidone or aripiprazole. Pharmacological treatments considered ineffective or potentially harmful, such as monotherapy with antipsychotics or augmentation with ketamine, lamotrigine, or N-acetylcysteine, have also been detailed.

3.
Rev. Pesqui. Fisioter ; 11(2): 287-297, Maio 2021. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1253485

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: Os profissionais que atuam na central de material e esterilização (CME) possuem a função de recepcionar, limpar, esterilizar, embalar e armazenar utensílios utilizados em cirurgias no hospital. Trata-se, assim, de uma profissão de grande exigência física e mental, com alta carga de trabalho e estresse. OBJETIVO: Analisar os riscos biomecânicos e os sintomas osteomioarticulares de servidores da CME de um complexo hospitalar público. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional prospectivo que foi desenvolvido em um hospital público do sul do país. Participaram 20 profissionais, tais como auxiliares, técnicos e enfermeiros. Os critérios de inclusão foram que o indivíduo atuasse na CME, ser auxiliar, técnico ou enfermeiro da CME ao menos há 6 meses, idade igual ou maior que 18 anos, de ambos os sexos, e exercer qualquer função. Os critérios de exclusão foram estar em período de férias ou licença saúde/capacitação no período de coleta de dados, trabalhar no setor há menos de 6 meses. Instrumentos de coleta: questionário sociodemográfico internacional de atividade física (IPAQ) - versão curta e o Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se que 85% dos profissionais são do sexo feminino; a idade média foi de 47 anos; 70% são auxiliares de enfermagem; 85% dos profissionais possuem filhos; 35% apresentaram dores em pescoço, punhos/mãos e quadril/coxas; 85% sentem dores de cabeça recorrentes; 50% já sofreram algum acidente de trabalho, sendo 80% com perfurocortantes. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que os servidores de CME têm riscos biomecânicos e ocupacionais. Assim, medidas preventivas devem ser adotadas para minimizar riscos à saúde física e mental dos mesmos.


INTRODUCTION: Professionals working in the Material and Sterilization Central (MSC) have the function of receiving, cleaning, sterilizing, packing, and storing utensils used in hospital surgeries. It is thus a profession of great physical and mental demand with high workload and stress. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biomechanical and osteomioarticular symptoms of employees of a CME in a hospital complex. METHODS: It is characterized as observational and prospective, developed in a public hospital in the south of the country. Twenty professionals participated, such as assistants, technicians, and nurses, who answered the sociodemographic, international physical activity questionnaires (IPAQ) - short and Nordic Musculoskeletal Symptoms. RESULTS: It was found that 85% of professionals are female; the mean age was 47 years; 70% are nursing assistants; 85% of the professionals have children; 35% had neck pain, wrists/hands, and hip/thighs; 85% experience recurrent headaches; 50% have already suffered some work accident, 80% with sharps. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that MSC servers have biomechanical and occupational risks and that preventive measures should minimize risks to their physical and mental health.


Subject(s)
Occupational Health , Cumulative Trauma Disorders , Nursing
5.
Eng. sanit. ambient ; 23(4): 675-686, jul.-ago. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-953274

ABSTRACT

RESUMO O abastecimento de água e o saneamento são dois serviços essenciais para a sociedade, ainda mais no Brasil, onde há, historicamente, um déficit desses serviços básicos. Além disso, também se sabe que tais serviços envolvem muitos atores, que muitas vezes possuem perspectivas conflitantes, características de problemas multicriteriais. Diante disso, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o serviço de abastecimento de água de oito municípios do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (RN). Para tanto, foram selecionados 11 critérios, levando-se em consideração aspectos operacionais, financeiros e de qualidade da água, e foi adotado o método de apoio multicritério à decisão TOPSIS. Também foi utilizado o procedimento da entropia para a obtenção dos pesos de cada critério. Os resultados apontaram o município de Lagoa Nova como a alternativa com melhor serviço de abastecimento de água entre as opções estudadas. Em contrapartida, Santana do Matos foi o município com a pior avaliação do conjunto de alternativas estudadas.


ABSTRACT Water supply and sewage are two essential services to society, especially in Brazil, where historically there has been a deficit of these crucial services. Moreover, it is also known that such services involve many actors who often have conflicting perspectives, characteristics of multicriteria problems. Thus, this paper aimed to evaluate the water supply service in eight cities of Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil. Eleven criteria were selected, considering operational, financial and water quality aspects. We adopted the TOPSIS method to support the multicriteria decision. In addition, the entropy method was used to obtain the weights for each criterion. The results showed the city of Lagoa Nova as the alternative with the best water supply service of the alternatives studied. In contrast, Santana do Matos was the city with the worst water supply assessment of all the studied alternatives.

8.
Ciênc. rural ; 43(4): 716-721, abr. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-669364

ABSTRACT

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento dos compartimentos estomacais de bezerros mestiços submetidos a diferentes dietas líquidas. Foram utilizados 24 bezerros mestiços, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e seis repetições: Leite integral; 50% Leite integral + 50% de Soro de queijo; 50% Leite integral + 50% de Soro de queijo adicionado de um ovo integral; e 50% Leite integral + 50% de Soro de queijo adicionado de um ovo integral adicionado de biotina. Foram avaliados o consumo de matéria seca, o ganho de peso, o peso absoluto e relativo (ao peso do corpo vazio e peso do estômago completo) dos quatro compartimentos estomacais, além da altura das papilas de quatro regiões do rúmen. As dietas testadas não afetaram nenhuma das características avaliadas, ficando evidenciada uma relação entre o desempenho dos animais e o desenvolvimento dos compartimentos gástricos. O desenvolvimento dos estômagos de bezerros não foi afetado pelas dietas líquidas testadas, sendo, portanto, possível a substituição de 50% do leite integral por soro de queijo.


This research evaluated the influence of different liquid diets on development of the stomach compartments of crossbred calves. It was used 24 crossbred calves distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replications: whole milk, 50% whole milk + 50% of cheese whey, 50% whole milk + 50% cheese whey supplemented with a whole egg; whole milk and 50% + 50% of cheese whey a supplemented with a egg added with biotin. I was evaluated the dry matter intake, weight gain, absolute and relative weight (weight of the empty body and weight stomach full) of the four stomach compartments, and papillae height of four rumen regions. The experimental diets did not affect any of the traits, being shown a relationship between animal performance and development of gastric compartments. The development of calf stomachs was not affected by the tested liquid diets, therefore enabling the replacement of 50% of milk for cheese whey.

9.
Rev. bras. reumatol ; 50(3): 291-298, maio-jun. 2010. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-551960

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo é descrever as características clínicas e as respostas às intervenções terapêuticas, incluindo a terapia antifator de necrose tumoral (TNF), em uma série de casos brasileiros de arterite de Takayasu (AT). Foi realizado um estudo observacional, retrospectivo, com base na revisão de prontuários, incluindo todos os pacientes com AT, de acordo com os critérios de classificação do American College of Rheumatology, em acompanhamento no Serviço de Reumatologia do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Brasil. Foram incluídos 15 pacientes, sendo 14 (93,3 por cento) mulheres, com idade média ao diagnóstico de 29,6 anos. Hipertensão arterial sistêmica (60,0 por cento) e ausência de pulsos em membros superiores (53,3 por cento) foram os achados clínicos mais comuns ao diagnóstico. As artérias subclávias e carotídeas foram os vasos mais frequentemente acometidos. Doze pacientes (80,0 por cento) não obtiveram remissão sustentada em terapia isolada com corticosteroide, tendo sido empregada terapia imunossupressora, sendo metotrexato, azatioprina e ciclofosfamida as drogas utilizadas. Intervenções cirúrgicas foram necessárias em 53,3 por cento dos casos. Três casos (20,0 por cento) foram refratários à terapia com corticoides e imunossupressores e foram tratados com agentes anti-TNF, com subsequente remissão da doença. Em conclusão, observou-se que uma parcela importante dos casos de AT é refratária à terapia tradicional e os agentes anti-TNF podem representar uma opção promissora para o controle da doença nesses casos.


The aim of this study was to describe clinical features and response to different therapeutic interventions, including anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents, in a case series of Takayasu arteritis (TA) from Brazil. A retrospective observational chart-review study was performed including all patients meeting the American College of Rheumatology TA classification criteria followed at the rheumatology outpatient clinic of a Brazilian university hospital. Fifteen patients were included, of which 14 (93.3 percent) were females, with a mean age of 29.6 years at diagnosis. Systemic hypertension (60.0 percent) and abolished upper limb pulses (53.3 percent) were the most common clinical features at the diagnosis. Subclavian and carotid arteries were the most commonly affected vessels. Twelve patients (80.0 percent) did not achieve sustained remission on therapy with corticosteroids alone and received immunosuppressive agents including methotrexate, azathioprine and cyclophosphamide. Surgical intervention was necessary and performed in 53.3 percent of cases. Three cases (20.0 percent) were refractory to corticosteroid plus diverse immunosuppressive therapy and were treated with anti-TNF agents, all of them with disease remission. In conclusion, a significant proportion of TA cases are refractory to traditional therapy. The use of anti-TNF agents may become a possible therapy for these patients.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Takayasu Arteritis/drug therapy , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors , Brazil , Retrospective Studies
10.
J. bras. ginecol ; 107(9): 331-3, set. 1997. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-207449

ABSTRACT

Leiomiomas uterinos sÝo tumores derivados de músculo liso, de contorno circunscrito, aspecto fasciculado e de fácil diagnóstico, ultra-sonográfico e histopatológico. Os autores descrevem um caso de leiomioma uterino volumoso (peso 2.330 g) que apresentou extensa degeneraçÝo mixóide conferindo ao tumor aspecto gelatinoso. Houve dificuldade na exérese cirúrgica e no diagnóstico macroscópico diferencial com o leiomiossarcoma mixóide e o mixoma peritoneal


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Leiomyoma/diagnosis , Leiomyoma/surgery , Leiomyosarcoma , Uterus/pathology
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